Privacy and data security in AI systems
Irfan Ahmad Pindoo · 2026
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and cognitive systems has revolutionized modern technology. Cognitive machines—robots endowed with AI-driven perception, learning, and decision-making—are increasingly deployed in domains from healthcare and transportation to homes and industry. These AI–robotics integrations promise enhanced autonomy and efficiency, but they also introduce new challenges in privacy and data security. As robots and AI agents work symbiotically, they continuously sense, process, and exchange data (often about humans and their environments), raising concerns about how that data is protected ( Eleshin et al., 2024 ). In fact, the same features, which enable cognitive systems to be powerful ubiquitous sensing, real-time decision-making, and adaptive learning, can be exploited by cyberattacks or invasion of privacy unless they are secured well ( Liu et al., 2021 ; Mestari et al., 2023 ; Saeed & Alsharidah, 2024 ; Shahriar et al., 2023 ).