Data Science and Artificial Intelligence
Gayathri Delanerolle, Yassine Bouchareb, Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos, Peter Phiri · 2026
The father of “Artificial Intelligence (AI)” is considered to be John McCarthy, although the evolution began in the 1940s. This is first up in our lane in the timeline of AI. The Bombe machine, designed by Alan Turing during World War II, was certainly the turning point in cracking the German communications encoded by the Enigma machine. It helped in speeding up the decoding of messages. Hence, this allowed the allies to react and strategise within a few hours itself rather than waiting for days/weeks. His entire formula of breaking the code was with the observation that each German message contained a known piece of German plain text at a known point in the message. Gunn’s pioneering investigation in 1976 marked the initial exploration of AI technology in the realm of surgery, particularly in diagnosing acute abdominal pain through computer analysis. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant uptick in interest and activity surrounding medical AI. In contemporary medicine, a significant challenge lies in managing the vast amount of knowledge required to address intricate clinical issues. The evolution of medical AI has been closely linked to the creation of AI programs aimed at aiding clinicians in diagnosing conditions, making treatment decisions, and forecasting outcomes. These programs are tailored to assist healthcare professionals in their daily responsibilities, particularly in tasks that involve processing data and knowledge. Various systems, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), fuzzy expert systems, evolutionary computation, and hybrid intelligent systems, have been developed to fulfil this role.