Harnessing measurement-induced quantum uncertainty for ultrafast on-chip source-device-independent randomness certification
Lang Li, Beibei Zhang, Hanwen Yin, Xiaojuan Liao, Yankai Xu, Xu Liu, Yuchao Liu, Yuehan Xu, Peng Huang, Tao Wang, Guihua Zeng · Photonics Research · 2026
The rapid rise of quantum computing and quantum internet highlights the irreplaceable importance of high-speed, scalable quantum randomness certification (QRC). However, existing QRC implementations are constrained by quantum measurement limits and integration bottlenecks, leaving both high-speed operation and monolithic implementation unrealized. Here, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated photonic–electronic on-chip source device-independent (SDI) quantum random number generator (QRNG) that achieves a secure bit rate of 583.2 Gbps within a compact 3 mm ×11 mm ×11 mm footprint, marking an advance in both integration and speed, nearly 30 times faster than the best existing integrated SDI implementations. By harnessing measurement-induced quantum uncertainty as a resource for quantum certification, this study resolves the challenge of uniting high-speed certified entropy bounds with full monolithic integration in SDI QRC. A universal entropy bound incorporating high-bandwidth physical constraints enables accurate entropy estimation under integrated conditions. This theoretical framework supports a four-path multi-interference measurement scheme that improves entropy yield and fills a critical gap in digital-layer security under coherent attacks. These contributions are experimentally embodied in a compact photonic–electronic chip that performs NIST-compliant secure entropy extraction, demonstrating the feasibility of combining high-speed performance with full system integration. Compatible with standard optical communication infrastructure, this study sets a new benchmark for scalable high-speed QRC, enabling robust security and broad applicability across quantum computing, the internet, and cryptography.