Color image encryption technology based on chaotic systems, dynamic S-boxes and XOR bitwise operations
Zhi Yang, Zhao Zhang, Hongyan Zhou, Xuebo Chen · Journal of Modern Optics · 2026
This paper presents a novel image encryption algorithm that combines a four-dimensional chaotic system, a dynamic S-box, and XOR bitwise operations. Firstly, the color image is subjected to pixel confusion processing through Arnold perturbation to make the positions of image pixels become chaotic. Then, a chaotic sequence is generated by the chaotic system, which is used to construct the dynamic S-box to encrypt the image data for the first time. Finally, the classic XOR algorithm is used to generate the key stream for the second encryption of the image and obtain the final encrypted image. The dynamic S-box and XOR bitwise operations can significantly confuse the image and enhance the encryption security.