Pseudo-traveling waves and bumps in quantum and classical hierarchical cellular neural networks
Wilson A. Zúñiga-Galindo, B. A. Zambrano-Luna, Chayapuntika Indoung · Journal of Pseudo-Differential Operators and Applications · 2026
We study the existence of pseudo-traveling waves and bump solutions for two classes of hierarchical cellular neural networks (CNNs) defined over the ring of p-adic integers $$\mathbb {Z}_{p}$$ . The first type is a p-adic CNN described by a reaction-diffusion equation, while the second type is its quantum analog obtained via Wick rotation. The p-adic CNNs are hierarchical versions of the classical Chua-Yang CNNs; these networks have a tree-like hierarchical architecture with infinitely many cells and hidden layers. The states are governed by integro-differential equations on $$\mathbb {Z}_{p}$$ . The p-adic traveling waves behave fundamentally differently from their Archimedean counterparts. A traveling wave restricted to a p-adic sphere yields a countably infinite collection of independent patterns. We introduce the notion of pseudo-traveling waves as finite truncations of this structure and prove their existence for both the classical and quantum networks. We further establish the existence of time-independent solutions (bumps) for both models. Our theoretical results are complemented by numerical simulations that approximate pseudo-traveling-wave solutions for quantum CNNs.