Modern game controllers : a comparative analysis of functionality and usability
Konsta Karapalo · Theseus (Ammattikorkeakoulujen) · 2026
The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of modern game console controllers, specifically the Sony DualSense, Microsoft Xbox Wireless Controller, and Nintendo Switch Pro Controller. As video games have transitioned into highly complex interactive experiences, the hardware required to interface with them has evolved from simple digital inputs into sophisticated, multisensory devices. The primary purpose of this thesis was to evaluate these devices by examining both their functional technicality and their overall user experience to uncover the distinct strengths, limitations, and design philosophies of each manufacturer. To achieve this, the research was divided into technical and usability assessments. The technical evaluation analyzed internal hardware components, including switch types, haptic actuator technologies, and wireless connectivity protocols. Additionally, a hands-on usability evaluation was conducted to assess human-computer interaction. Each controller was tested over a continuous two-hour session to measure ergonomic comfort and hand fatigue, with specific game genres utilized to test individual input mechanisms, such as trigger precision in racing games and directional pad accuracy in fighting games. The results indicated significant variance in design philosophies and performance among the tested controllers. The DualSense achieved the highest overall usability score due to its balanced weight distribution, micro-textured grips, and high-fidelity haptic feedback. The Xbox Wireless Controller excelled in broad ecosystem compatibility and featured an optimized directional pad for fighting games. The Nintendo Switch Pro Controller offered a functional standard grip but lacked the advanced material finishing and analog trigger precision of its competitors. These findings indicate that the future of controller development is driven by the necessity to overcome mechanical limitations, such as potentiometer wear, through frictionless sensors, alongside a growing emphasis on accessibility and modular design.