Self-Testing Quantum Randomness Expansion on an Integrated Photonic Chip
Gong Zhang, Ignatius William Primaatmaja, Yue Chen, Si Qi Ng, Hong Jie Ng, Marco Pistoia, Xiao Gong, Koon Tong Goh, Chao Wang, Charles Ci Wen Lim · PRX Quantum · 2026
The power of quantum random number generation is more than just the ability to create truly random numbers—it can also enable , which allows the user to verify the implementation integrity of critical quantum components with minimal assumptions. In this work, we develop and implement a self-testing quantum random number generator (QRNG) chipset capable of generating 15.33 Mbits of certifiable randomness in each run, producing an expansion rate of 5.11 × 10 − 4 at a repetition rate of 10 MHz, with quantum side information considered for a high level of security. The chip design is based on a highly loss-and-noise-tolerant measurement-device-independent protocol, where random coherent states encoded using quadrature phase shift keying are used to self-test the integrated homodyne detectors—well-known to be challenging to characterize in practice. Importantly, this proposal opens up the possibility of implementing miniaturized self-testing QRNG devices at production scale using standard silicon photonics foundry platforms.