Prior-free Blackwell
Maxwell Rosenthal · Economic Theory Bulletin · 2026
Abstract This paper develops a prior-free model of data-driven decision making in which the decision maker observes the entire distribution of signals generated by a known experiment under an unknown distribution of the state variable and evaluates actions according to their worst-case payoff over the set of state distributions consistent with that observation. We propose a ranking of experiments in which E is robustly more informative than $$E'$$ E ′ if the value of the decision maker’s problem after observing E is always at least as high as the value of the decision maker’s problem after observing $$E'.$$ E ′ . This comparison, which is strictly weaker than Blackwell’s classical order, holds if and only if the null space of E is contained in the null space of $$E'.$$ E ′ .