Optical biometric image encryption and authentication algorithm based on singular value decomposition in the Fresnel domain
Tannu Sharma, Sachin, Astha Kumari, Sachin Kaushal · Journal of Modern Optics · 2026
In this manuscript, we have proposed an optical biometric image encryption-cum-authentication algorithm based on singular value decomposition in the Fresnel domain. The proposed algorithm utlizes the singular value decomposition to provide the private keys for the decryption process. In the proposed algorithm, parameters of the Fresnel transform, such as wavelength and distance, are also used as decryption keys. The proposed encryption-cum-authentication algorithm is validated with various biometric images, but the results are provided only for iris, thumb impression, and palm. The robustness and efficacy of the proposed algorithm are also tested using correlation coefficient, information entropy, NPCR, UACI, histogram, mesh plots and correlation distribution plots. The strength of the proposed encryption-cum-authentication algorithm is also examined using contamination, plaintext and iterative attacks. The results show that the proposed encryption-cum-authentication algorithm is secure, effective and robust to use in real-life applications.