Cost-Effective AI: Deterministic AI vs Machine Learning — When Traditional Algorithms Win
Oleh Ivchenko · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
Analysis of 156 enterprise AI implementations reveals that 34% of deployed ML systems would achieve equal or superior outcomes with deterministic algorithms at 85-95% lower costs. This research provides a 14-factor decision matrix for algorithm selection and introduces the Deterministic-First architecture pattern.