Pipelined Divider with Precomputed Multiples of Divisor
Dauren Zhexebay, Symbat Mamanova, Beibit A. Karibayev, Alisher Skabylov, Nursultan Meirambekuly, Gulfeiruz Ikhsan, Timur A. Namazbayev, Sakhybay Tynymbayev · Electronics · 2025
Division remains one of the most computationally demanding operations in digital arithmetic. Traditional algorithms, such as restoring, non-restoring, and SRT (Sweeney–Robertson–Tocher) division, are limited by sequential dependencies that reduce throughput in hardware implementations. To overcome these constraints, this work proposes a pipelined integer divider architecture that employs precomputed divisor multiples and comparator-based logic to eliminate the need for full binary adders in the quotient selection stages. The proposed design consists of a three-stage pipeline, where each stage compares the shifted partial remainder with stored multiples of the divisor (B, 2B, 3B) to generate two quotient bits per clock cycle. This approach achieves a 2× reduction in the number of computation stages compared with conventional radix-2 dividers and ensures continuous operation after an initial pipeline latency. The architecture was described in Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and implemented on a Xilinx Artix-7 (XC7A100T-1CSG324C) field-programmable gate array (FPGA) using the Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.4. Post-synthesis simulation confirmed correct quotient and remainder generation with a maximum operating frequency of 208 MHz. The implementation occupied less than 0.3% the look-up table (LUT) resources, achieving over a twofold performance improvement compared with a non-pipelined baseline. These results demonstrate that the proposed divider provides an efficient trade-off between speed and hardware cost, making it suitable for digital signal processing and embedded computation systems.