The ALES Platform: State-of-the-Art and Gap Analysis for an Academic LLM Chatbot
Antonella Petrillo, “ Kartikee Awasare, Mizna Rehman · Procedia Computer Science · 2025
The widespread use of large language models (LLMs) in education has introduced challenges related to citation reliability, academic integrity, and factual accuracy. This study presents the Augmented LLM-Based Engagement System (ALES), a domain-specific chatbot designed for higher education. ALES incorporates retrieval-augmented generation (a method for grounding responses in verified documents), citation-aware output, and ethical usage safeguards. The system’s design was informed by a structured state-of-the-art analysis of 584 articles, of which 76 peer-reviewed studies were selected for analysis based on strict inclusion criteria. The review identified critical limitations in current academic AI systems, including lack of transparency, source verifiability, and institutional integration. ALES addresses these gaps through a modular architecture and university-compatible interface. Preliminary comparison with existing academic AI tools highlights ALES’s potential to support student learning while promoting responsible use. This paper outlines the platform’s architecture and proposes directions for future development and evaluation.