Topical corticosteroids.
J D Guin · PubMed · 1980
In the last fifteen years, there has been a striking convergence of perspectives in the fields of linguistics, computational linguistics, and psycholinguistics regarding the representation and processing of grammatical information. First, the lexicon has played an increasingly important role in the representation of the syntactic aspects of language. This is exemplified by the rise of grammatical formalisms that assign a central role to the lexicon for characterizing syntactic forms, e.g., LFG (Bresnan and Kaplan 1982), HPSG (Pollard and Sag 1994), CCG (Steedman 1996), Lexicon-Grammars (Gross 1984), LTAG (Joshi and Schabes 1996), Link Grammars (Sleator and Ternperley 1991) and the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995). Second, theories of language processing have seen a shift away from 'rule-governed' approaches for grammatical decision-making toward statistical and constraintbased approaches. In psycholinguistics, this has been characterized by a strong interest in connectionist and activation-based models (e.g., Lewis 1993, McRae, Spivey-Knowlton and Tanenhaus 1998, Stevenson 1994, Tabor, Juliano and Tanenhaus 1996). In computational linguistics, this is found in the explosion of work with stochastic approaches to structural processing (cf. Church and Mercer 1993, Marcus 1995). In linguistics, this interest is most apparent in the development of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1997). In this paper, we highlight how the shift to lexical and statistical approaches has affected theories of sentence parsing in both psycholinguistics and computational linguistics. In particular, we present an integration of ideas developed across these two disciplines, which builds upon a specific proposal from each. Within psycholinguistics, we discuss the development of the Constraint-Based Lexicalist (CBL) theory of sentence processing (MacDonald, Pearlmutter and Seidenberg 1994, Trueswell and Tanenhaus 1994).