Integrated Circuit Design
Andrzej Handkiewicz · 2024
The chapter begins with a brief presentation of two automatic integrated circuit design environments, Cadence and Mentor Graphics. It is devoted to the switched current (SI) technique, which appears to be most suitable for implementing analog circuits in standard digital nanometer-scale technologies. Technology development is currently oriented to digital circuits. The chapter discusses the basic properties of SI circuits. It also discusses the working principle of basic cells, the complementary transistor pair and the current mirror, based on the square-law field effect transistor (FET) model. The simplest mathematical model of FET transistors in the active mode is the square-low one. The chapter is also devoted to the differential stage and the transconductance amplifier, enabling direct implementation of gC circuits. A circuit composed of a differential stage and a current mirror with p-channel transistors.