Intelligent tutoring systems based on the theory of multiple intelligences: a Systematic Literature Review
Denilson Gabriel Freitas de Carvalho, Geiser Chalco Challco, Glaydson Francisco Barros de Oliveira · Interactive Learning Environments · 2025
This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) explores the integration of Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (TMI) into Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). The study investigates how TMI has been applied in ITS, focusing on target populations, system architectures, the role of multiple intelligences, and learning domains. Following the Kitchenham and Charters (Citation2007) protocol, the review analyzed studies retrieved from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, selecting ten studies for detailed analysis. Results indicate that TMI enhances personalized learning in ITS by adapting content and teaching strategies to students’ diverse intelligences. However, effectiveness depends on implementation strategies and student profiles, yielding mixed outcomes in terms of engagement and performance. The review highlights the need for a clearer taxonomy of instructional strategies linked to each intelligence and emphasizes adaptive approaches tailored to individual learning preferences. Existing empirical research is scarce, specific to certain populations and domains, and declining, as suggested by the lack of recent publications. Future research should explore TMI in ITS across diverse contexts, assess learning outcomes empirically, and develop a detailed taxonomy of instructional strategies. The integration of TMI and ITS holds potential for creating more effective and engaging learning environments.