Implement Referring Expression Comprehension by Extending Auto-focus Lens to Locked Vision Model
Shiyi Zheng, Peizhi Zhao, Qingbao Huang, Yi Cai, Haonan Cheng, Qi Wu · ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications · 2025
Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) aims to achieve fine-grained cross-modal content alignment. The traditional two-stage approaches, by decomposing REC into localization (region proposal) and comprehension (expression-based ranking), lead to the isolation of continuous image information and heavily rely on the quality of the proposals. In this article, we propose a point-based two-stage framework for REC to quickly achieve localization by inserting a language-modulated auto-focus module into the locked vision model. Specifically, we redefine REC as two processes: point-based cross-modal comprehension and point-based instance localization. For the comprehension stage, we reconstruct the raw annotations into soft masks at the feature point level as a metric of cross-modal correlation. With this indirect metric, REC can be approximated as a binary classification problem, which fundamentally avoids the impact of isolated regions. Remarkably, soft masks are shape-independent, which means our method is extremely general. By switching different vision models, different types of predictions (e.g., localization and segmentation) can be obtained. Experiments on multiple benchmarks demonstrate the feasibility and potential of our point-based paradigm. Our code will be public at https://github.com/VILAN-Lab/PBREC-AF .