Dose–time–concentration prediction method based on GRU–TCN with temporal–channel attention
Zhaoxing Xu, Jiasong Pan, Peng Liu, Qinqin Wu, Wangping Xiong · Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering · 2025
This study proposes a GRU–TCN model with Temporal-Channel Attention (GT-TCA) for dose–time–concentration prediction under data scarcity and multicollinearity. TimeCVAE augments limited pharmacokinetic data with distribution-consistent sequences. GRU captures temporal dependencies, TCN extracts multi-scale features, and attention emphasizes informative time steps and analytes. Experiments on Buyang Huanwu Decoction (normal/inflammatory) and simulations (RG1678, RIF) show GT-TCA reduces MAE by 22.7% and improves R2 by 4% versus baselines (p < 0.05). Ablation confirms attention lowers MAE and RMSE by 6% and 5%. The model demonstrates robustness and provides more precise quantitative evidence to support precision dosing.