Personalized Learning in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Andrew Lan · 2025
Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) such as large language models and multimodal foundation models are opening up new frontiers in education. In particular, the capability to generate learning content and student support, such as practice questions, visual illustrations, and error feedback, significantly increases the possible degrees of personalization for students. In this chapter, I provide an overview of new approaches that use GenAI to deliver personalized learning experiences to students in a scalable way, especially for computer-based learning activities. I highlight both opportunities offered by GenAI technology, such as automated question and feedback generation and educational chatbots. I also discuss potential challenges and limitations of existing GenAI tools, such as factually incorrect hallucinations, as well as ethical considerations in real-world educational scenarios including inherent biases during model training and privacy threats. I conclude by situating GenAI within the personalized learning landscape and providing an outlook on the future of education impacted by GenAI technologies.