Personalized Learning from the Perspective of Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Arthur C. Graesser, Xiangen Hu, Vasile Rus, Anne M. Sinatra, Benjamin Goldberg, Lisa N. Townsend · 2025
In this chapter, we describe personalized learning and instruction from the perspective of researchers who develop intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) and affiliated types of adaptive instructional systems. An ITS is a computer-based learning environment that helps students master subject matters and skills by implementing intelligent algorithms that adapt to the learner&s;s profile of knowledge, skills, motivation, emotions, and other psychological characteristics and that also implement principles of learning and instruction. There is a community of researchers who have contributed to the design of a Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) to improve ITS design that can play an important role in supporting personalized learning that is sensitive to the goals, interests, motivations, and emotions of individual learners. As we discuss the contributions of the ITS community, we point to some consensus reports that have identified principles of learning and instruction that are supported by scientific evidence.