Synchronization of BAM neural networks with discrete delays: a time-scale approach
Vipin Kumar, Roberto Guglielmi, Ivanka Stamova · Physica Scripta · 2025
Abstract In this paper, we establish two sufficient conditions for the synchronization of a novel class of bidirectional associative memory neural networks with discrete time delays on arbitrary time scales using the time scales theory and a unified feedback control strategy. The first condition is obtained by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov functional, while the second is derived via direct analytical techniques. Both approaches yield synchronization criteria that depend on the time delays and the underlying time-domain dynamics. These criteria are formulated as linear inequalities to facilitate practical verification. In addition, a systematic method is proposed to calculate the required feedback control gains. The effectiveness and broader applicability of the approach are demonstrated through numerical simulations on various time scales, including reference examples from the literature.