Blockchain-Optimized Anomaly Detection in Internet of Things Using Black-Winged Kite Algorithm: Real-World Deployment in Smart Agriculture
Seyed Salar Sefati, Octavian Fratu, Simona Viorica Halunga, Bahman Arasteh, Sanda Maiduc, Winfred Ofoe Larkotey · 2025
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies offers a transformative approach to addressing IoT challenges such as security, scalability, and anomaly detection. This paper presents a novel framework that leverages blockchain and the Black-Winged Kite Algorithm (BKA) to enhance anomaly detection in IoT networks. The proposed method combines blockchain’s decentralized and tamper-proof data management with BKA’s optimization capabilities to refine anomaly detection thresholds and optimize node selection for validation. Experimental results in a smart agriculture IoT environment demonstrate that the framework achieves superior detection accuracy, efficient resource utilization, and reduced latency compared to existing approaches. Addressing critical challenges such as dynamic anomaly thresholding and resource-constrained device validation, this work establishes a secure, scalable, and optimized solution for IoT anomaly detection, paving the way for deployment in large-scale applications.