A dynamic image watermarking scheme using compass edge detection and adaptive alpha blending technique in spatial domain
Bishwabara Panda, Manas Ranjan Nayak, Pradeep Kumar Mallick, Abhishek Basu, Biswajeet Sahoo · Information Security Journal A Global Perspective · 2025
Digital data collection, transmission, and storage have become incredibly simple and convenient because of the widespread use of the internet and digital consumer devices, which has profoundly impacted our society and everyday life. However, it is crucial to safeguard these data and avoid illegal modifications. This problem has surfaced in other areas, such as content authentication, copyright protection, information hiding, and secure communication. A few digital watermarking techniques have been developed in an effort to solve this issue. They work by attempting to tamper with or seal digital files by including hidden data, also known as a watermark. The suggested method uses alpha blending, compass edge detection, and entropy to construct a spatial domain picture watermarking technique. The hiding capability is improved by entropy, according to this strategy. Compass edge detection technique is employed to find prominent edges of the input pictures and gradually add additional information based on entropy data to boost imperceptibility. Because compass edge detection determines which parts of a picture are the most visible from a visual standpoint, any changes made outside of those observable regions will be less obvious to viewers. Finally, the competence of the mechanism is examined for many current frameworks using the quality criteria.