Configurable Ensembles for Software Similarity: Challenging the Notion of Universal Metrics
Shujun Huang, Sebastian Proksch · 2025
Software similarity analysis is crucial in various fields, including code clone detection, security analysis, and software refactoring. While research continues to identify new use cases, numerous similarity detectors have already been proposed for specific contexts. These detectors usually leverage project attributes, such as source code, contributors, documentation, and dependencies. Existing works consistently demonstrate that their approaches outperform others in extensive evaluations. In this paper, we challenge the idea of a universally superior similarity model. We argue that similarity is a fluent concept and that relevant metrics always depend on specific needs. We present a novel framework that enables a flexible aggregation of diverse similarity models, allowing fine-tuned configurations for specific needs and use cases. Our evaluation incorporates multiple existing similarity models and their respective benchmarks to reveal the fundamental dilemma: depending on the configuration, our aggregated model will either confirm prior results or expose significant differences among individual models. However, we will demonstrate that these variations can be explained by the additional information that leads to more fine-grained results. Our results illustrate the future of software similarity research: configurable ensembles of much more specialized models.