Unlocking multidimensional integration with quantum adaptive importance sampling
Konstantinos Pyretzidis, Jorge J. Martínez de Lejarza, Germán Rodrigo · Communications Physics · 2026
Multidimensional numerical integration is a central ingredient of theoretical predictions in high-energy physics, where multiloop Feynman diagrams and phase-space integrals are computationally demanding due to divergences and complex mathematical structures. Established Adaptive Importance Sampling methods for numerical integration, such as VEGAS, iteratively refine a grid in a separable way, dimension by dimension. This keeps the algorithm scalable but reduces performance when strong inter-variable correlations are present. In this work, we introduce a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm that performs Quantum Adaptive Importance Sampling (QAIS) for multidimensional Monte Carlo integration. Our approach uses a Parametrized Quantum Circuit to encode a non-separable Probability Density Function on a multidimensional grid and allocate samples efficiently in the integration domain. We apply the method to a sharply peaked loop Feynman integral and to multi-modal benchmark integrals. Our results show that QAIS provides an efficient route for high-precision evaluation of multidimensional integrals. Theoretical calculations in particle physics rely on multidimensional integrals that become difficult to evaluate in the presence of correlations. Here, the authors show that a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm implementing Quantum Adaptive Importance Sampling can learn correlated structures efficiently and deliver precise results for nontrivial integrals.