Identifying Homogeneous IoT Devices With Hybrid Locality-Sensitive Hashing
Roya Taheri, Jay Thom, Nathan Thom, Batyr Charyyev, Emily Hand, Shamik Sengupta · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · 2025
Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become increasingly prevalent, and while convenient they pose security risks and must be monitored to keep networks safe. The problem of identifying IoT devices by fingerprinting their network traffic has been studied, with various approaches emerging. While achieving good results, many solutions require complex feature extraction, considerable computational overhead, and extensive domain knowledge in both networking and machine learning to select relevant features and supporting ML algorithms. In addition, many current studies work to identify heterogeneous devices in an artificially sterile (lab) environment. To improve the process we introduce FlexHash, a system that uses a combination of locality-sensitive hashing and machine learning to identify specific devices based on a generic view of their network traffic characteristics. We successfully identify both heterogeneous and homogeneous (identical) devices in an environment with both live network noise and noise generated from other (unknown) IoT devices. FlexHash is able to consume unprocessed network traffic in the form of .pcap files and produce feature vectors capable of highly accurate device identification and anomaly detection. To enhance the strength of this approach we develop our own n-gram based hashing method allowing for various parameters in the algorithm to be tuned, making it possible to accurately differentiate individual devices from among a field of identical peers as well as device genre and heterogeneous devices with a single packet of network traffic.