Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities
Ashutosh Srivastava, Divya Srivastava, Madhushi Verma, Arpita Singh, Ishita Adhikari, Ayan Singh Rana · 2025
Smart cities these days are being enabled by actuation of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence. Although different groups of people have different opinion on the definition of the IoT, we cannot really define it precisely, but we can say that IoT is simply an interaction between the physical and digital world with the help of the sensors and actuators. IoT mainly reflects to the processing and fusion of data that is generated by the interconnected devices, as well as storing that data into a single network. In the present work, we have worked on the various applications of IoT in creating smart cities. IoT has been widely used in many different industries and has made a very drastic change that resulted in revolutionary improvements in creating smart cities across. IoT in healthcare field has been in boom since the last few years by enabling the smart hospitals, remote monitoring, and better patient outcomes, which helps in creating smart cities. By using IoT to facilitate easy control over appliances, home automation improves efficiency and safety. IoT is used in solid waste management for resource optimization and smart bin monitoring. Tracking and charging of resource usage can be done more effectively using smart metering. IoT is integrated into smart cities to improve urban living, including traffic control, safe measures, effective water supply, and city lighting. Crop management, drone technology, and weather monitoring are all possible with the help of IoT in the field of agriculture. IoT is being used by businesses to create smarter goods, services, and client interactions. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology simplifies inventory management and lowers pharmaceutical mistakes in the healthcare industry and is one of the beneficial applications of IoT. RFID technology is mainly used in medical line for the improvement of functioning in the operations within the pharmacy and for improving the care and of the patients. RFID is utilized for drug management, particularly in monitoring the stocks for the medicines. Certain medications, such as rabies, must be available in hospitals even if they are rarely used on patients. These medicines require careful stock management due to their limited shelf life, slow movement, and high cost. Thus, RFID is used by the pharmacy to automate the process of the restocking of the medicines and has been there to reduce the time and error rates and to increase the amount of efficiency in the pharmacy. Healthcare organizations face challenges in accurately predicting needed supplies due to the unpredictable nature treatment. Inventory items, including consumables, lab equipment, and pharmaceuticals, might be misplaced, lost, or expired, resulting in erroneous inventories and unnecessary last-minute orders. Unplanned urgent orders boost costs. RFID-enabled refrigerators and storage cabinets monitor inventory levels and alert users when it reaches a minimum level. They also notify users when products expire, allowing for timely restocking and ensuring critical supplies are available for patient care. Hotel and catering services have been quite beneficial to us. IoT offers not only more comfort, personalized, and lazy-to-use features but also various methodologies have helped us to create a sustainable environment. Various features like smart AC, doors, curtains, and light switches are automated, which would be very convenient to use are the results of IoT integration in real world. Other ideas like Gesture Interfaced Restaurant Ordering and Billing System are of great use during the pandemic times like COVID-19, where we must avoid the contact with other people, or the items touched by others for us to not catch the diseases. Many businesses, hotels, and restaurants are adapting these technologies and are achieving a positive response from the customers, although not every change is positive.