Development of a Digital Multi-band Audio Equalizer Using Verilog
Janhavi Pradhan, K. INGLE · Advanced International Journal for Research · 2025
This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital multi-band audio equalizer using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL), targeting Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platforms. The work addresses the increasing demand for high-performance, real-time audio signal processing systems. Traditional analog equalizers are characterized by limitations such as low precision, phase nonlinearity, and susceptibility to distortion. The proposed system leverages digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to overcome these issues, offering superior performance and reproducibility. The core of the equalizer is a bank of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) biquad filters, which are selected for their computational efficiency. A significant contribution of this research is the optimization of the filter's core arithmetic unit by integrating a high-speed Wallace Tree multiplier architecture. This approach is intended to minimize computational latency and improve overall system throughput. The system architecture, design methodology, and Verilog implementation details are presented. The performance of the design is analyzed based on key metrics, including frequency response, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), hardware resource utilization, and timing performance. The simulation results demonstrate the design's ability to provide precise control over audio frequency bands while maintaining high signal integrity and computational speed, validating its suitability for real-time DSP applications.