Energy-Efficient Optimization in O-RAN for Intelligent IoT Systems
Mukesh Kumar Maheshwari, Alessandro Raschellà, Michael Mackay, Ahmed Salih Mohammed, Amer Salih · 2025
This paper analyzes two crucial aspects towards the development of upcoming massive cellular Internet of Things (IoT) connections: Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) and Energy Efficiency (EE). O-RAN offers flexibility, interoperability, multi-connectivity and an intelligent architecture. On the other hand, 80 % of the energy in mobile networks is consumed in the RAN. Therefore, in this paper we present a method to optimize the O-RAN energy efficiency. Specifically, we model the O-RAN energy consumption as an optimization problem and propose a traffic steering method for maximizing energy efficiency. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed by considering realistic parameters and device locations based on the deployments defined in the Liverpool 5G High Density Deployment (HDD) project. The proposed Algorithm 2 achieves 34.69 % higher energy efficiency as compared to Algorithm 1.