When Honest Nodes in PBFT Consensus Meet Software Aging: SMP-Based Performability Evaluation
Yueqi Jiang, Xiaolin Chang, Jelena Mišić, Vojislav B. Mišić, Yingying Yao, Junchao Fan, Bocheng Ju · 2025
Availability and/or performance of PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus service has been widely studied. However, the existing studies overlook the situation of software aging of honest nodes, which can degrade system performance over time. Rejuvenation techniques can mitigate the negative impact of aging. This paper aims to make a quantitative joint analysis of availability and performance (a.k.a performability) of PBFT consensus service in the scenario where honest nodes are susceptible to software aging and rejuvenation techniques are adopted for recovery. We propose a Semi-Markov process (SMP) based approach for model-based evaluation. Unlike traditional models that rely on exponential distributions, our approach allows the time intervals of all events to follow general distributions, thereby enable a more nuanced analysis of PBFT dynamics. We detail the modeling process and the derivation of metric formulas. We also carry out numerical analysis for the evaluation to assess the performability of PBFT consensus service.