Unfair Photonics? How Encoding May Lead to Bias in Photonic Neural Networks
Maurício Gomes de Queiroz, Mateus Vidaletti Costa, Paul Jimenez, Ian O’Connor, Alberto Bosio, Fabio Pavanello · 2025
In this paper, we show that complex-valued Photonic Neural Networks (PNNs) may yield unfair decisions based on encoding strategy and feature pairing, even when these networks are trained to similar accuracy levels.