How Brook’s Behavior-Based Robots Teach Us a Lesson About Knowledge
Saskia Janina Neumann · 2025
This work argues that there is more than one form of knowledge. By comparing human cognition with Rodney Brooks’ behavior-based robots, which act without representational content, I show that humans interact with the world through contentful representations, while robots rely on contentless, embodied routines. Drawing on empirical cases—spreading activation, object recognition, agnosia, and vision reconstruction—I argue that humans require content and thus face the hard problem of content. I propose that content is internally generated. Ultimately, I defend a pluralistic view: knowledge can be both contentful and contentless and neither form is inherently superior.