User Authentication Using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for Adapting to Dynamic and Evolving User Patterns
Hyun‐Sik Choi · Electronics · 2025
With recent advancements in digital environments, user authentication is becoming increasingly important. Traditional authentication methods such as passwords and PINs suffer from inherent limitations, including vulnerability to theft, guessing, and replay attacks. Consequently, there has been a growing body of research on more accurate and efficient user authentication methods. One such approach involves the use of biometric signals to enhance security. However, biometric methods face significant challenges in ensuring stable authentication accuracy, primarily due to variations in the user’s environment, physical activity, and health conditions. To address these issues, this paper proposes a biometric-signal-based user authentication system using graph neural networks (GNNs). The feasibility of the proposed system was evaluated using an electromyogram (EMG) dataset specifically constructed by Chosun University for user authentication research. GNNs have demonstrated exceptional performance in modeling the relationships among complex data and attracted attention in various fields. Specifically, GNNs are well-suited for modeling user behavioral patterns while considering temporal and spatial relationships, making them an ideal method for adapting to dynamic and evolving user patterns. Unlike traditional neural networks, GNNs can dynamically learn and adapt to changes or evolutions in user behavioral patterns over time. This paper describes the design and implementation of a user authentication system using GNNs with an EMG dataset and discusses how the system can adapt to dynamic and changing user patterns.