Advancements in Sensors Network Design and Applications
Shweta Rathi, Rajesh Gupta, D. P. Kothari · 2025
As discussed in Chapters 3 , 6 , 7 , and 9 , WQ sensor placement in WDSs is a complex and challenging problem since many complementory and conflictiong types of objectives were observed. This chapter further discussed the need for clustering in water distribution systems (WDSs) to minimize the sampling/monitoring locations or optimizing sensor locations in WDSs. An example network is considered for showing the application of clusters in WDSs based on the DC objective. It is observed that the location of monitoring/sampling stations reduces with cluster formation and thus reduces the time computational efforts, time for optimization and efforts of manpower in routine WQ minitoring work. Initially, water fraction matrix (wfm) is developed based on the concept of Lee and Deninger (1992) and then based on the wfm indices, clusters are formed considering different coverage criteria. It is observed that this method is simple and reduced the optimal sampling locations. It further highlights the advancement such as sensor network resiliency in WDSs. Consideration of fixed and moving sensors in WDSs. Identification of contamination sources in WDSs and flushing of the contaminants from the WDSs are the recent advancements in sensor network designs.