A systematic review of cyberspace physical resource surveying and mapping
Huipeng Yang, Li Yang, Lichuan Ma, Lu Zhou, Wu Kui Zhao, Wenjie Sha, Keqi Mao · Journal of Information and Intelligence · 2025
Cyberspace contains numerous physical resources that are crucial for national security and public welfare. Surveying and mapping technology enables the effective management and visualization of these resources, which is essential for ensuring cybersecurity. However, existing studies primarily focus on specific technologies and lack a holistic perspective. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive review of related works to provide a clear definition of cyberspace physical resource surveying and mapping. We propose a comprehensive four-layer technological architecture comprising foundational probing, data analysis, resource representation, and mapping application. Additionally, we provide a detailed analysis of eight key technologies across these layers. Specifically, in the mapping application layer, we introduce a four-stage framework designed to guide cybersecurity personnel in effectively utilizing complex surveying and mapping technologies. Finally, we discuss future technical challenges related to cyberspace surveying and mapping. This substantial work aims to enhance researchers’ and practitioners’ comprehensive understanding of cyberspace physical resource surveying and mapping, thereby improving cybersecurity measures.