Challenges and Advances in Ambient IoT within 3GPP
Yuchul Kim, Le Liu, Kazuki Takeda, Bin Han, Ville Vintola, Chao Kun Wei, Piyush Gupta, Chengjin Zhang, Zhifei Fan, Kiran Mukkavilli, Peter Gaal, Juan I. Montojo, Tingfang Ji · IEEE Communications Magazine · 2025
In this article, we present the latest advancements in Ambient IoT (A-IoT) research within 3GPP and explore the challenges of introducing A-IoT technology into 3GPP system. The diverse use cases, device types, design targets, and topologies of A-IoT pose significant design challenges due to factors such as energy harvesting, and the need for low cost, power efficiency, and complexity. Additionally, the mechanisms for A-IoT differ from existing 3GPP technologies. We introduce feasible high-level technical solutions, including waveform, modulation, multiplexing, duty-cycled monitoring, random access, continuous wave (CW) interference cancellation, and proximity determination for current and upcoming 3GPP releases.