Rising From Pieces: Effective Inference at the Edge via Robust Split ML
Yuxuan Weng, Tianyue Zheng, Zhe Chen, Menglan Hu, Jun Luo · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing · 2025
The increasing processing demands of today's mobile deep learning applications impose stringent requirements on edge devices. Offloading these tasks to the cloud, while being a potential solution, often results in significant data transfer overhead, as well as privacy and connectivity concerns. To address these challenges, split machine learning (split ML) has emerged as an innovative paradigm, enabling task distribution among edge devices themselves. However, split ML systems inherently exhibit instability due to the hardware and communication limitations of mobile devices, which frequently result in failures and malfunctions of client nodes. In light of these challenges, we present Axolotl, a fault-tolerant edge split ML inference system for addressing node failure with minimal performance impact. Specifically, we first design a novel curriculum dropout mechanism to enhance the model's resilience by gradually exposing it to potential server node failures. We then design inverse-proximal weight consolidation to mitigate catastrophic forgetting caused by curriculum dropout. To further tackle potential node failures, we innovate in a resource-aware substitution module that offload the functions of a failed node to neighboring ones, ensuring efficient information flow. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of Axolotl in various deep learning networks and tasks in edge environments.