Intelligence Beyond Human Limits: The Evolution and Implications of Machine Cognition
Dubravko Miljković · 2025
This paper traces the evolutionary trajectory of artificial intelligence from narrow artificial intelligence (ANI) through artificial general intelligence (AGI) to potential artificial superintelligence (ASI), critically examining the technological singularity as a transformative inflection point in technological and human development. The analysis covers key technical milestones required for this progression, including advances in machine learning architectures, knowledge representation, and cognitive architectures. Drawing from recent developments in neuroscience and deep learning, the paper proposes a framework for understanding the qualitative differences between these three stages of artificial intelligence development. The paper addresses critical questions about intelligence, consciousness and the challenges of maintaining human agency in a post-singularity world. Novel perspectives on safety mechanisms and technical guidelines necessary for managing the transition between these developmental stages are presented. The analysis acknowledges the uncertainty surrounding the path to AGI and ASI, highlighting the complex and unpredictable nature of advanced artificial intelligence development. The paper concludes by exploring potential trajectories of recursive self-improvement in artificial systems and their theoretical implications for the future of machine cognition.