Blockchain Integration for Enhanced Document Security and Access Control
D V Sheela, Ashok Kumar T.A. · 2025
Traditional document management solutions frequently exhibit centralised vulnerabilities, insufficient auditability, and restricted control over access rights, hence presenting considerable dangers in the administration of sensitive digital documents. This study tackles these issues by offering a blockchain-based system for secure document storage and dynamic access management. The design utilises Ethereum smart contracts, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for offchain storage, and Decentralised Identifiers (DIDs) for user identification. Access control mechanisms are executed by RoleBased and Attribute-Based rules integrated directly into the blockchain via smart contracts. The solution underwent evaluation using a synthetic dataset of 1,000 access requests, demonstrating exceptional performance: 98.4% access accuracy, 92.6 % storage efficiency, and an average latency of 1.8 seconds, surpassing current methodologies including centralised RBAC and hybrid cloud systems. The suggested system guarantees immutability, transparency, and decentralisation in the management of digital documents, in comparison with previous models. The findings validate the model's resilience and scalability for use in domains such as healthcare, law, and government. Future research could explore AI-augmented decision-making and biometric integrations. This study presents an innovative, and robust approach to document security and access management inside digital environments.