Fornax: A Hardware-Centric Session Management in Large Public Cloud Network
Heng Yu, Jian Wang, Jian Zhao, Kai Ren, Guozhi Lin, Baozeng Zhang, Yunpeng Guan, Xin Li, Hao Yin, Jiajun Liang, Liang Wang, Chao Pei, Yachen Wang, Xin Jin, Jilong Wang, Congcong Miao · 2025
SmartNIC is increasingly utilized to accelerate cloud network components. The effectiveness and correctness of hardware acceleration heavily rely on its management mechanism. Unfortunately, traditional management mechanisms adopt software-centric architecture, which treats flow as the basic management unit and completely relies on one-way commands to manage the flow table, making it challenging to support various cloud network scenarios while managing extremely large tables. In this paper, we advocate for a radical new mechanism to shift the management paradigm from software-centric architecture to hardware-centric architecture, which adopts session as the basic management unit and designs two-way protocols to facilitate the management process. We propose and implement a first-of-its-kind system, called Fornax, a novel management architecture for large public cloud networks. At the core of Fornax is leveraging a session-empowered hardware engine to provide various management capabilities. Besides, Fornax utilizes a light-weight software manager to enhance system scalability, and hardware-driven management protocols to improve resource efficiency. Our testbed evaluations demonstrate that Fornax can reduce the software storage usage by 80% and CPU usage by 77% with little hardware resource overhead. Our large-scale production results show that Fornax can manage up to 16M session entries while significantly reducing the resource overhead by over 79%.