A New Software-Defined Vehicular Radio Communications System Based on DS-CDMA Technology Using Orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard Codes
Radu Gabriel Bozomitu, Marian Alexandru Corban, Stefan Corneliu Ştoica · IEEE Access · 2025
This paper presents a new software-defined vehicular radio communication system based on DS-CDMA technology using orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard codes. The proposed radio communication system can simultaneously receive an audio stereo signal and a data signal with DS-CDMA modulation within a standard FM radio broadcasting (87.5 – 108 MHz). This study also investigates the transmission/reception of the same data signal with frequency modulation in different ISM radio bands. The data transmission rate is significantly increased to 32 kbit/s using DS-CDMA technology, in which the input data signal is divided into 16 parallel sequences that are spread with orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard sequences, which reduces multi-access interference, jamming and their contribution to the system self-noise. To perform symbol synchronization at reception, the Walsh-Hadamard codes of length 16 were reshaped by adding synchronization pulses at the transmitter and, respectively, corresponding to padding zeros at the receiver. The paper presents a new software-defined radio receiver capable to receive at the same time the data signal with DS-CDMA modulation, as well as the audio stereo signal. The proposed radio receiver includes a carrier synchronization loop operating at the baseband and a novel symbol timing synchronization loop based on synchronization pulses. The proposed radio communication system was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and simulated under the conditions of channel impairments, considering the carrier frequency offset and timing offset on an AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician communication channel. To validate the simulation results, the bit error rate depending on the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal was plotted for the different communication channel models. The experimental results were obtained under laboratory conditions using USRP-type devices.