Prompt. Verify. Repeat. LLMs in the Hardware Verification Cycle
Muhammad Hassan, Mohamed Nadeem, Khushboo Qayyum, Chandan Kumar Jha, Rolf Drechsler · 2025
In this paper, we review the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the context of hardware verification, using the concept of a semantic layer to organize their role. We place LLMs within a centaur-style workflow and describe their operation as an iterative loop, Prompt. Verify. Repeat. In this loop, an LLM is first prompted to generate or modify a verification artifact. The artifact is then evaluated using standard EDA tools and human review. Based on the results, the prompt or constraints are adjusted, and the process is repeated until the verification objectives are met. Within this structure, LLMs function alongside existing tools to support the verification process. Furthermore, we present a simple example of illustrating this concept in deductive reasoning in hardware verification as an application.