Scalable Consensus Algorithm and Storage in Decentralized Blockchain (SCSB) For Heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) Systems
Inderpal Singh, Balraj Singh, Muhammad Faheem · The Journal of Engineering · 2025
ABSTRACT The internet of things (IoT) is widespread in various real‐time applications in developing smart environments. The involvement of numerous network devices and users in the system includes illegitimate and malicious entities. Also, the participation of numerous devices leads to scalability issues. The decentralized blockchain is one of the promising solutions to satisfy all the requirements of security. In this paper, a priority‐based lightweight authentication and access control is designed for cloud‐IoT (SCSB) with the assistance of decentralized blockchain technology. The SCSB design consists of the data owner (DO), data user (DU), trusted authority (TA), and cloud server. The cloud server manages a huge amount of data, hence, it receives multiple DU requests. The DO is also authenticated and then allowed to upload data. The data in the cloud is clustered and then stored, which is scalable in storage. In this work, density‐based spatial clustering applications in noise (H‐DBSCAN) is presented with a hybrid distance measure. The validation of multiple requests into the blockchain is conducted using novel proof‐of‐authentication, which selects a trusted node for validation. To ensure secure data upload, the priority, i.e., the confidentiality level of data, is predicted from the dual fuzzy algorithm, and then the data is secured. For a high confidential level and low confidential level, a lightweight TWINE algorithm and differential privacy are incorporated. The use of lightweight algorithms and parallel processing algorithms in dual fuzzy enables it to operate with numerous devices while utilizing limited resources and time, which solves the scalability issue. The proposed SCSB shows better performance results than the previous research algorithms.