Low-Power Truncated Pan–Tompkins Architecture Exploring Approximate Radix-2 m Squaring Units
Leo Gilson Ribeiro, Morgana Macedo Azevedo da Rosa, Rafael Iankowski Soares, Eduardo da Silva Costa · IEEE Design and Test · 2025
This paper presents AxPTA, an energy-efficient architecture for ECG processing based on the Pan-Tompkins algorithm and enhanced with approximate Radix-2msquarer units (AxRSU-2m). The proposed AxRSU modules replace conventional multipliers with simplified encoders to reduce area and power. A co-simulation with 1 million ECG samples from the MIT-BIH database evaluated accuracy and quality. Logic synthesis in 65nm shows savings of up to 23.6% in area and 99.9% in power consumption. The AxPTA architecture preserves detection accuracy and demonstrates that approximate quadrature is a viable solution for low-power, real-time biomedical systems where trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency are essential.