Use of the vibrato technique in kemane
Ercan Durmaz · ODÜ Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi (ODÜSOBİAD) · 2025
When examining previous studies on the use of vibrato technique in the kemane instrument, it has been observed that there are unclear statements regarding its execution style, oscillation amplitude, number of oscillations, and notation. In this context, this study aims to provide clear information on how the vibrato technique is executed on the kemane, the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations, and the symbols needed for its notation, as well as to present etude suggestions for its application in beginner-level instruction. This is a descriptive study conducted using the document analysis method within the qualitative research approach. Within the scope of this research, both written sources and video recordings of master performers playing the kemane at an advanced level—available on the internet—were examined. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. During the analysis, audio recordings of the master performers were uploaded to a program called Sonic Visualiser, where the lower and upper frequencies of the visible oscillation graphs were identified in hertz (Hz). While using this program, the pitch contour plugin developed by Matthias Mauch and Simon Dixon was also employed. The frequency data obtained were then converted into cents using a formula developed by Mustafa Kemal Karaosmanoğlu in Microsoft Excel. This allowed for the calculation of the oscillation amplitude of the vibrato technique. Expert opinion was sought regarding the suitability of the developed symbols and etudes for beginner-level kemane education. The analysis identified two distinct styles of executing the vibrato technique in kemane performance. In the first style, the fingertip slides up and down without exceeding a semitone, while in the second, the fingertip of the pressing finger moves in a circular motion on the fingerboard without sliding, as the wrist moves up and down. Finally, etudes tailored for the instruction of the technique at the beginner level were developed.