Vehicular Edge Computing System: A Survey
Junhui Zhao, Haoyu Quan, Pingzheng Ge, Yuwen Huang, Yijing Xiao · IEEE Internet of Things Magazine · 2025
Along with the prevalence of smart vehicles, new computation-intensive and delay-sensitive applications are booming, but on-board devices often lack sufficient communication bandwidth, computing resources, and energy supply to meet stringent delay and sustainability requirements. Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) overcomes these limitations by deploying energy-efficient computing resources at the network edge, enabling low-delay execution while minimizing overall energy consumption and carbon footprint. This survey first provides an overview of key VEC scenarios and green-oriented system architectures. Then, the state of the art in computation offloading and resource management are examined, focusing on delay reduction and energy saving strategies. Finally, the open challenges and future research directions in existing VEC are discussed, with a particular focus on the design of sustainable and green VEC systems.