A Systematic Framework for Interactive Modes in Cultural Heritage VR Serious Games
Xiao Liu, Jaehyung Byun, Jonghwan Seo, Xinshuo Zhang, Ruixue Wang · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · 2025
Virtual Reality (VR) serious games are gaining prominence in cultural heritage education and communication by enhancing user immersion and interaction. However, existing research lacks a systematic framework for classifying interaction modes in this context. This study addresses the gap through a systematic literature review (SLR), combined with a Delphi method (N = 21) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) (N = 308), to identify four core interaction dimensions encompassing 18 interaction mode items. EFA results (KMO = 0.803; Bartlett’s test, p < 0.001) confirm the data's suitability for factor analysis and support the structural validity of the four-factor model: participatory, cognitive, perceptual, and social interaction. The proposed framework offers a structured approach to classifying interaction in VR serious games, providing designers and developers in cultural heritage with a solid theoretical basis and actionable insights. This contributes to advancing research and the application of human-computer interaction in VR cultural heritage serious games.