Wavelet Fusion with Sobel-Based Weighting for Enhanced Clarity in Underwater Hydraulic Infrastructure Inspection
Minghui Zhang, Jingkui Zhang, Jugang Luo, Jiakun Hu, Xiao-Ping Steven Zhang, Juncai Xu · Applied Sciences · 2025
Underwater inspection images of hydraulic structures often suffer from haze, severe color distortion, low contrast, and blurred textures, impairing the accuracy of automated crack, spalling, and corrosion detection. However, many existing enhancement methods fail to preserve structural details and suppress noise in turbid environments. To address these limitations, we propose a compact image enhancement framework called Wavelet Fusion with Sobel-based Weighting (WWSF). This method first corrects global color and luminance distributions using multiscale Retinex and gamma mapping, followed by local contrast enhancement via CLAHE in the L channel of the CIELAB color space. Two preliminarily corrected images are decomposed using discrete wavelet transform (DWT); low-frequency bands are fused based on maximum energy, while high-frequency bands are adaptively weighted by Sobel edge energy to highlight structural features and suppress background noise. The enhanced image is reconstructed via inverse DWT. Experiments on real-world sluice gate datasets demonstrate that WWSF outperforms six state-of-the-art methods, achieving the highest scores on UIQM and AG while remaining competitive on entropy (EN). Moreover, the method retains strong robustness under high turbidity conditions (T ≥ 35 NTU), producing sharper edges, more faithful color representation, and improved texture clarity. These results indicate that WWSF is an effective preprocessing tool for downstream tasks such as segmentation, defect classification, and condition assessment of hydraulic infrastructure in complex underwater environments.