Exploring the role of large language models in the scientific method: from hypothesis to discovery
Yanbo Zhang, Sumeer Ahmad Khan, Adnan Mahmud, Huck Yang, Alexander Lavin, Michael Levin, Jeremy Graham Frey, Jared Dunnmon, James H. Evans, Alan Bundy, Sašo Džeroski, Jesper N. Tegner, Héctor Zenil · npj Artificial Intelligence · 2025
Abstract We review how Large Language Models (LLMs) are redefining the scientific method and explore their potential applications across different stages of the scientific cycle, from hypothesis testing to discovery. We conclude that, for LLMs to serve as relevant and effective creative engines and productivity enhancers, their deep integration into all steps of the scientific process should be pursued in collaboration and alignment with human scientific goals, with clear evaluation metrics.