mmE5: Improving Multimodal Multilingual Embeddings via High-quality Synthetic Data
Haonan Chen, Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Yutao Zhu, Ziliang Zhao, Furu Wei, Zhicheng Dou · 2025
Multimodal embedding models have gained significant attention for their ability to map data from different modalities, such as text and images, into a unified representation space.However, the limited labeled multimodal data often hinders embedding performance.Recent approaches have leveraged data synthesis to address this problem, yet the quality of synthetic data remains a critical bottleneck.In this work, we identify three criteria for high-quality synthetic multimodal data.First, broad scope ensures that the generated data covers diverse tasks and modalities, making it applicable to various downstream scenarios.Second, robust cross-modal alignment makes different modalities semantically consistent.Third, high fidelity ensures that the synthetic data maintains realistic details to enhance its reliability.Guided by these principles, we synthesize datasets that: (1) cover a wide range of tasks, modality combinations, and languages, (2) are generated via a deep thinking process within a single pass of a multimodal large language model, and (3) incorporate real-world images with accurate and relevant texts, ensuring fidelity through selfevaluation and refinement.Leveraging these high-quality synthetic and labeled datasets, we train a multimodal multilingual E5 model mmE5.Extensive experiments demonstrate that mmE5 achieves state-of-the-art performance on the MMEB Benchmark and superior multilingual performance on the XTD benchmark.Our codes, datasets, and models are released in https://github.com/haon-chen/mmE5.