CoLA: Collaborative Low-Rank Adaptation
Yiyun Zhou, Chang Yao, Jingyuan Chen · 2025
The scaling law of Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals a power-law relationship, showing diminishing return on performance as model scale increases.While training LLMs from scratch is resource-intensive, fine-tuning a pre-trained model for specific tasks has become a practical alternative.Full fine-tuning (FFT) achieves strong performance; however, it is computationally expensive and inefficient.Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, like LoRA, have been proposed to address these challenges by freezing the pre-trained model and adding lightweight task-specific modules.LoRA, in particular, has proven effective, but its application to multi-task scenarios is limited by interference between tasks.Recent approaches, such as Mixture-of-Experts (MOE) and asymmetric LoRA, have aimed to mitigate these issues but still struggle with sample scarcity and noise interference due to their fixed structure.In response, we propose CoLA, a more flexible LoRA architecture with an efficient initialization scheme, and introduces three collaborative strategies to enhance performance by better utilizing the quantitative relationships between matrices A and B. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of CoLA, outperforming existing PEFT methods, especially in low-sample scenarios.Our data and code are fully publicly available 1 .